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Cats are perfect, per Scientific American. [View all]
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cats-are-perfect-an-evolutionary-biologist-explains-why/But we knew that.
They have different coat colors, sure. But they all have the same baby heads. Theyre round, and they dont elongate as the animal matures, which is the standard developmental pattern for mammals. Dogs have short, round faces as puppies but long, snouty faces as adults. An adult cat looks pretty much like a baby cat but bigger. With dogs, breeders play off of that developmental variation to create breeds with different face shapes. But because cats dont have that developmental variation, there isnt much to play around with other than coat color.
This all goes back to the fact that cats are extremely specialized. Every member of the order of mammals known as the carnivorans, including cats and dogs, has an upper fourth premolar and a lower first molar that form what we call the slicing pair, which slices meat. A lot of carnivorans retain molars behind the slicing pair that can grind up stuff such as vegetation. But cats have lost pretty much everything behind their slicing teeth. They might have a little nub, a peg tooth, but it cant process stuff. This is why foxes are perfectly happy going through garbage, whereas leopards will kill livestock instead.
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Cats have nailed this one thing so well that they all do it and just come up with slightly different sizes. Thats why theyre perfect, evolutionarily. They dont need variation. They might get bigger or smaller, but they dont change anything else because theyre doing it just right otherwise. Theyre not jacks-of-all-trades; theyre masters of one.
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There are lots of things that have tried to be catsother groups of mammals that have evolutionarily converged on cats. Marsupials have tried to be cats. An extinct group of carnivorans called creodonts have tried to be cats. Weasels have tried to be cats. Theres all kinds of stuff that has tried to be a bit catlike in different waysmongooses, things like that. But they kind of dip in and dip out of being cats, and they cant really outcompete cats in their space. They havent lasted. All of those things that have tried to be cats, they do other things, too, and those things are fine. But there arent a lot of things that are around today that do a very good job of being a cat.... You cant just casually try to be a cat. You have to commit. Cats have committed to being cats. Everything else is just sort of dabbling, and it doesnt work.
This all goes back to the fact that cats are extremely specialized. Every member of the order of mammals known as the carnivorans, including cats and dogs, has an upper fourth premolar and a lower first molar that form what we call the slicing pair, which slices meat. A lot of carnivorans retain molars behind the slicing pair that can grind up stuff such as vegetation. But cats have lost pretty much everything behind their slicing teeth. They might have a little nub, a peg tooth, but it cant process stuff. This is why foxes are perfectly happy going through garbage, whereas leopards will kill livestock instead.
...
Cats have nailed this one thing so well that they all do it and just come up with slightly different sizes. Thats why theyre perfect, evolutionarily. They dont need variation. They might get bigger or smaller, but they dont change anything else because theyre doing it just right otherwise. Theyre not jacks-of-all-trades; theyre masters of one.
...
There are lots of things that have tried to be catsother groups of mammals that have evolutionarily converged on cats. Marsupials have tried to be cats. An extinct group of carnivorans called creodonts have tried to be cats. Weasels have tried to be cats. Theres all kinds of stuff that has tried to be a bit catlike in different waysmongooses, things like that. But they kind of dip in and dip out of being cats, and they cant really outcompete cats in their space. They havent lasted. All of those things that have tried to be cats, they do other things, too, and those things are fine. But there arent a lot of things that are around today that do a very good job of being a cat.... You cant just casually try to be a cat. You have to commit. Cats have committed to being cats. Everything else is just sort of dabbling, and it doesnt work.
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