Genetics preserves traces of ancient resistance to Inca rule
DNA analysis of present-day populations in the Chachapoyas region of Peru indicates that the original inhabitants were not uprooted en masse by the Inca Empire's expansion into this area hundreds of years ago
Date: December 12, 2017
Source: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Summary:
The Chachapoyas region was conquered by the Inca Empire in the late 15th century. Inca oral histories, written down after the Spanish conquest, claim that the native population was forcibly resettled out of Chachapoyas and dispersed across the Inca Empire. However, a new study uses genetic evidence to reveal that despite Inca conquest, the population of Chachapoyas has remained genetically distinct, and not assimilated with that of the Inca heartland.
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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171212090550.htmJ Hum Genet. 2013 Sep;58(9):627-34. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2013.73. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Tracing the genomic ancestry of Peruvians reveals a major legacy of pre-Columbian ancestors.
Sandoval JR1, Salazar-Granara A, Acosta O, Castillo-Herrera W, Fujita R, Pena SD, Santos FR.
Author information
Abstract
In order to investigate the underlying genetic structure and genomic ancestry proportions of Peruvian subpopulations, we analyzed 551 human samples of 25 localities from the Andean, Amazonian, and Coastal regions of Peru with a set of 40 ancestry informative insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Using genotypes of reference populations from different continents for comparison, our analysis indicated that populations from all 25 Peruvian locations had predominantly Amerindian genetic ancestry. Among populations from the Titicaca Lake islands of Taquile, Amantani, Anapia, and Uros, and the Yanque locality from the southern Peruvian Andes, there was no significant proportion of non-autochthonous genomes, indicating that their genetic background is effectively derived from the first settlers of South America. However, the Andean populations from San Marcos, Cajamarca, Characato and Chogo, and coastal populations from Lambayeque and Lima displayed a low but significant European ancestry proportion. Furthermore, Amazonian localities of Pucallpa, Lamas, Chachapoyas, and Andean localities of Ayacucho and Huancayo displayed intermediate levels of non-autochthonous ancestry, mostly from Europe.
These results are in close agreement with the documented history of post-Columbian immigrations in Peru and with several reports suggesting a larger effective size of indigenous inhabitants during the formation of the current country's population.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863748DNA Analysis Finds Descendants of ‘Warriors of the Clouds’ in Peru
Wed, 12/13/2017 - 2:40pm 2 Comments
by Seth Augenstein , Senior Science Writer
The Chachapoyas, the “Warriors of the Clouds,” were a people that lived in the northern elevations of Peru, and put up a long-running struggle against the Inca Empire, which they eventually lost. Traditional tales told to the first Spanish conquerors of the New World about a century after their final defeat held that the Inca forcibly relocated the Chachapoyas to the corners of the massive empire, so they could never again pose a threat.
But a new deep dive into the DNA of these “warriors” indicates their current descendants live on in the same region – and were never fully dispersed to the rest of the Inca Empire, according to a paper in the journal Scientific Reports.
“This unique genetic profile challenges the routine assumption of large-scale population relocations by the Incas,” they conclude.
The Chachapoyas were conquered in the 15th century, the century before the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa in 1532. But they left traces behind: especially the fortress of Kuelap, known as the “Machu Picchu of the north,” as well as an archaeological trail including other ruins, sarcophagi and pottery.
More:
https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2017/12/dna-analysis-finds-descendants-warriors-clouds-peru
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