at the start of the 20th century:
The chapter "In the Jewish Cemetery in Prague" from Goedsche's Biarritz, with its strong antisemitic theme containing the alleged rabbinical plot against the European civilization, was translated into Russian as a separate pamphlet in 1872.[9] However, in 1921, Princess Catherine Radziwill gave a private lecture in New York in which she claimed that the Protocols were a forgery compiled in 19045 by Russian journalists Matvei Golovinski and Manasevich-Manuilov at the direction of Pyotr Rachkovsky, Chief of the Russian secret service in Paris.[34]
In 1944, German writer Konrad Heiden identified Golovinski as an author of the Protocols.[33] Radziwill's account was supported by Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhine, who published his findings in November 1999 in the French newsweekly L'Express.[35] Lepekhine considers the Protocols a part of a scheme to persuade Tsar Nicholas II that the modernization of Russia was really a Jewish plot to control the world.[36] Stephen Eric Bronner writes that groups opposed to progress, parliamentarianism, urbanization, and capitalism, and an active Jewish role in these modern institutions, were particularly drawn to the antisemitism of the document.[37] Ukrainian scholar Vadim Skuratovsky offers extensive literary, historical and linguistic analysis of the original text of the Protocols and traces the influences of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's prose (in particular, The Grand Inquisitor and The Possessed) on Golovinski's writings, including the Protocols.[36]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion#Emergence_in_Russia
I expect George Soros is frequently invoked as a member of this "world government". Putin still uses the dog whistle:
During President Donald Trumps bizarre press conference with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Putin invoked an odd name in trying to evade responsibility for the email hacking of the Democratic National Committee Hungarian-American billionaire George Soros, who happens to be at the center of far-right conspiracy theories around the world.
In response to a question about election interference, Putin brushed off allegations that the Russian government was involved. He compared the company that allegedly gave cover to the Russian intelligence agents to Soros essentially arguing that an individual company doesnt represent Russia, just like how Soros doesnt represent America.
You have a lot of individuals in the United States, take George Soros, for instance, with multibillion capitals, but does it make him his position, his posture, the posture of the United States? No, it does not, Putin said.
Putin could have named a big American company as an example. He could have named any wealthy American, like Bill Gates or Jeff Bezos. But he didnt. Instead, he mentioned a man whos been smeared by the far right as a liberal puppet master and, worse, a Nazi collaborator (though Soros is actually a Holocaust survivor). In elections from Hungary to Italy, Soros has been referenced by far-right political figures, often with anti-Semitic rhetoric following closely.
https://www.vox.com/2018/7/16/17576760/george-soros-putin-trump-helsinki